Illinois (i /
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/ il-i-noy), is the fifth-most populous state A U.S. state is any one of 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of commonwealth rather than state. State citizenship is of the United States of America ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language, and is often noted for being a microcosm Macrocosm and microcosm is an ancient Greek Neo-Platonic schema of seeing the same patterns reproduced in all levels of the cosmos, from the largest scale all the way down to the smallest scale (microcosm or sub-sub-atomic or even metaphysical-level). In the system the mid-point is Man, who summarizes the cosmos of the entire country.[6] It is the most populous state in the Midwest region The Midwestern United States is one of the four geographic regions within the United States of America used by the United States Census Bureau in its reporting, however with 65% of its residents living in the Chicago metropolitan area The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area associated with the city of Chicago in the United States and its suburbs. It is the area that is closely linked to the city through social, economic, and cultural ties. There are several definitions of the area, the two most common being the area under the jurisdiction of the, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago Chicago ( /ʃɨˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɨˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in both Illinois and the Midwest, and the third most populous city in the United States, with over 2.8 million residents. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland", is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million people spread in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity Agricultural productivity is measured as the ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs. While individual products are usually measured by weight, their varying densities make measuring overall agricultural output difficult. Therefore, output is usually measured as the market value of final output, which excludes intermediate products in central and western Illinois, and natural resources Natural resources occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity existent in various ecosystems. Natural resources are derived from the environment. Many of them are essential for our survival while others are used for like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago The Port of Chicago consists of several major port facilities within the city of Chicago, Illinois operated by the Illinois International Port District . The central element of the Port District, Calumet Harbor, is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers connects the Great Lakes The Great Lakes are a collection of freshwater seas located in eastern North America, on the Canada – United States border. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total surface and volume. The total surface is 208,610 km2 , and the total volume is 22,560 km3 (5 to the Mississippi River The Mississippi River is the largest river system in North America. About 2,320 miles long, the river originates at Lake Itasca, Minnesota and flows slowly southwards in sweeping meanders, terminating 95 river miles below New Orleans, Louisiana where it begins to flow to the Gulf of Mexico. Along with its major tributary, the Missouri River, the via the Illinois River The Illinois River is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 273 miles long, in the U.S. state of Illinois. The river drains a large section of central Illinois, with a drainage basin of 28,070 square miles (72,701 km2). The river was important among Native Americans and early French traders as the principal water route. As the "most average state",[6] Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether The term is derived from the Middle English bellewether and refers to the practice of placing a bell around the neck of a castrated ram leading his flock of sheep. The movements of the flock could be noted by hearing the bell before the flock was in sight both in social and cultural terms[6] and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
In the 1810s settlers began arriving from Kentucky Kentucky is known as the "Bluegrass State", a nickname based on the fact that native bluegrass is present in many of the pastures throughout the state, based on the fertile soil. It made possible the breeding of high-quality livestock, especially thoroughbred racing horses. It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources,; Illinois achieved statehood This is a list of U.S. states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each U.S. state joined the Union. Although the first 13 states can be considered to have been members of the United States from the date of the Declaration of Independence – July 4, 1776 – they are presented here as being "admitted" on the date each ratified in 1818.Chicago Chicago ( /ʃɨˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɨˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in both Illinois and the Midwest, and the third most populous city in the United States, with over 2.8 million residents. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland", is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million people spread was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River The Chicago River is a river that runs 156 miles and flows through Chicago, including Downtown Chicago, also known as the Chicago Loop. Though not especially long, the river is notable for being the reason why Chicago became an important location, as the link between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley waterways. In the 19th century civil, one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. Geologically, it is a large bay of Lake Michigan-Huron . By itself, it is the second largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third largest by surface area, behind Lake Superior and Lake Huron (and is slightly smaller than.[7] Railroads Rail transport is the means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles merely run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on. Track usually consists of steel rails installed on sleepers/ties and ballast, on and John Deere John Deere was an American blacksmith and manufacturer who founded Deere & Company, one of the largest agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers in the world. Born in Rutland, Vermont, Deere moved to Illinois and invented the first commercially successful steel plow in 1837's invention of the self-scouring steel plow The plough is a tool used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting. It has been a basic instrument for most of recorded history, and represents one of the major advances in agriculture. The primary purpose of ploughing is to turn over the upper layer of the soil, bringing fresh nutrients to the surface, turned Illinois' rich prairie Prairies are considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type. Temperate grassland regions include the Pampas of Argentina, and the steppes of Eurasia into some of the world's most productive and valuable farmlands, attracting immigrant Immigration is the introduction of new people into a habitat or population. It is a biological concept and is important in population ecology, differentiated from emigration and migration farmers from Germany German Americans comprise about 51 million people, or 17% of the U.S. population, the country's largest self-reported ancestral group. California, Texas and Pennsylvania have the largest numbers of German origin, although upper Midwestern states, including Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and The Dakotas, have the highest proportion of German and Sweden Swedish Americans are Americans of Swedish descent, especially the descendants of the 1.2 million immigrants from Sweden in the period from 1850-1930. Most were Lutherans who affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America , or Methodists. By 1900 1900 was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. As a result, the Julian calendar was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar until Wednesday, February 28 (O.S. February 16) and has been 13 days behind since Thursday,, the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining The goal of coal mining is to economically remove coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content, and since the 1880s is widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United States, United Kingdom, and South Africa, a coal mine in the central and southern areas attracted immigrants from Eastern Eastern Europe is a region lying in the Eastern part of Europe. The term is highly context-dependent and even volatile, as there are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". A related UN paper adds that "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct& and Southern Europe The term Southern Europe, at its most general definition, is used to mean "all countries in the south of Europe". However, the concept, at different times, has had different meanings, providing additional political, linguistic and cultural context to the definition in addition to the typical geographical, phytogeographic or climatic. Its manufacturing made the state a major arsenal in both world wars A world war is a war affecting the majority of the world's most powerful and populous nations. World wars span several continents, and last for multiple years. The term has usually been applied to two conflicts of unprecedented scale that occurred during the 20th century: World War I , World War II (1939–1945), although in retrospect a number of. The Great Migration The Great Migration was the movement of 1.75 million African Americans out of the Southern United States to the North, Midwest and West from 1910 to 1930. Precise estimates of the number of migrants depend on the time frame. African Americans migrated to escape racism and seek employment opportunities in industrial cities. Some historians of African Americans from the rural South By Western convention, the bottom side of a map is south; the southern direction has azimuth or bearing of 180° to Chicago, established a large community The history of African Americans in Chicago dates back to Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable’s trading activities in the 1780s. Fugitive slaves and freedmen established the city’s first black community in the 1840s. By the late 19th c., the first black had been elected to office. The Great Migrations from 1910-1960 brought hundreds of thousands of that created the city's famous jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music. Its West African pedigree and blues Blues is the name given to both a musical form and a music genre created primarily within the African-American communities in the Deep South of the United States at the end of the 19th century from spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts and chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. The blues form ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues, and cultures.
Three U.S. Presidents The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being the Vice President of the United States have been elected while living in Illinois — Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led the United States through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery. Before his election in 1860 as the first Republican president, Lincoln, reared in a, Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses Simpson Grant born Hiram Ulysses Grant was the 18th President of the United States (1869–77) as well as military commander during the Civil War and post-war Reconstruction periods. Under the command of Grant, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military and ended the Confederate States of America. His image as a war hero was, and Barack Obama A native of Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992. However, only President Ronald Reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975) grew up in the state; he was born in Tampico Tampico is a village located in Tampico Township, Whiteside County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2000 United States Census, the village had a total population of 772. U.S. President Ronald Reagan was born there and lived there for two brief periods of his childhood, and raised in Dixon Dixon is a city in Lee County, Illinois, United States. The population was 15,941 at the 2000 census. Named for its founder John Dixon , it is the county seat of Lee County. Located on the Rock River, Dixon was the boyhood home of former U.S. President Ronald Reagan. Lincoln is the only president buried in Illinois; he is interred at Oak Ridge Cemetery Lincoln's Tomb, which serves as the final resting place of Abraham Lincoln, his wife and all but one of his children, is located at Oak Ridge. A number of other prominent politicians and persons from Illinois are also buried at the cemetery in Springfield. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with official state slogan, Land of Lincoln, which is displayed on its license plates.[8]
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Name
See also: List of Illinois counties This is a list of the 102 counties in the state of Illinois. Information on the FIPS county code, county seat, year of establishment, origin, etymology, population, area and map of each county is included in the table below and List of Illinois county name etymologies"Illinois" is the modern spelling for the early French missionary/explorers' name for the Illinois people, a name that was spelled in many different ways in the early records.[9]
The name "Illinois" has traditionally been said to mean "man" or "men" in the Miami-Illinois language The Miami-Illinois language is a Native American Algonquian language formerly spoken in the United States, primarily in Illinois, Missouri, Indiana, western Ohio and adjacent areas along the Mississippi River by the tribes of the Inoca or Illinois Confederacy, including the Kaskaskia, Peoria, Tamaroa, Cahokia, and Mitchigamea. Since the 1990s the, with the original iliniwek transformed via French French is a Romance language spoken as a first language by about 136 million people worldwide. Around 190 million people speak French as a second language, and an additional 200 million speak it as an acquired foreign language. French speaking communities are present in 57 countries and territories. Most native speakers of the language live in into Illinois.[10][11] However, this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language itself, in which the word for 'man' is ireniwa and plural 'man' is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also been said to mean "tribe of superior men".[12], though this is nothing more than a folk etymology Folk etymology, in its basic sense, refers to popularly held beliefs about the origins of specific words, especially where these originate in "common-sense" assumptions rather than serious research (compare folk science, folk psychology etc.). In historical linguistics, the term is most often used in a more technical sense, to refer to a. In fact the name "Illinois" derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa "he speaks the regular way". This was then taken into the Ojibwe language Ojibwe , also called Anishinaabe, is an indigenous language of the Algonquian linguistic family. Ojibwe is characterized by a series of dialects that have local names and frequently local (non-indigenous) writing systems. There is no single dialect that is considered the most prestigious or most prominent, and no standard writing system that, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect Ottawa is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, spoken by the Ottawa people in southern Ontario in Canada, and northern Michigan in the United States. Descendants of migrant Ottawa speakers live in Kansas and Oklahoma. The first recorded meeting of Ottawa speakers and Europeans occurred in 1615 when a party of Ottawas encountered explorer Samuel de, and modified into ilinwe· (pluralized as ilinwe·k). These forms were then borrowed into French, where the /we/ ending acquired the spelling -ois. The current form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s. The Illinois's name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms.[13][14]
History
Main article: History of Illinois Cahokia, the urban center of the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture, was located near present-day Collinsville, Illinois. That civilization vanished circa 1400–1500 for unknown reasons. The next major power in the region was the Illiniwek Confederation, a political alliance among several tribes. The Illiniwek gave Illinois its name. The IlliniPre-European
Copper plates found at Pre-Columbian burial sites in Illinois.Indigenous peoples lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years. The Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrated 7,000 years of continuous habitation. Cahokia, the largest regional chiefdom and urban center of the Pre-Columbian Mississippian culture, was located near present-day Collinsville, Illinois. They built more than 100 mounds and a Woodhenge in a planned design expressing the culture's cosmology. The civilization vanished in the 15th century for unknown reasons, but historians and archeologists have speculated that the people depleted the area of resources.
The next major power in the region was the Illinois Confederation or Illini, a political alliance among several tribes. There were about 25,000 Illinois Indians in 1700, but systematic attacks and warfare by the Iroquois reduced their numbers by 90%.[15] Gradually, members of the Potawatomi, Miami, Sauk, and other tribes came in from the east and north.[16] In the American Revolution, the Illinois and Potawatomi supported the American colonists' cause.
European exploration
Illinois in 1718, approximate modern state area highlighted, from Carte de la Louisiane et du cours du Mississipi by Guillaume de L'Isle.[17]French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet explored the Illinois River in 1673. In 1680, other French explorers constructed a fort at the site of present day Peoria, and in 1682, a fort atop Starved Rock in today's Starved Rock State Park. As a result of this French exploration, Illinois was part of the French empire until 1763, when it passed to the British. The small French settlements continued; a few British soldiers were posted in Illinois, but there were no British or American settlers. In 1778, George Rogers Clark claimed the Illinois Country for Virginia. The area was ceded by Virginia to the new United States in 1783 and became part of the Northwest Territory.[18]
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Wed, 01 Sep 2010 20:42:52 GMT+00:00
MarketWatch (NYSE:WAG) said late Wednesday that it will buy the assets of 18 ApothecaryRx pharmacies in Colorado, Oklahoma, Minnesota, Missouri and Illinois from ...
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I subsisted on a stream of great music phone calls with concerned friends hopeful ruminations in my mind about the future and gratefulness for the freedom to chart the course of my life Anticipation mounted again as I approached the state line of Illinois Abruptly the landscape flattened to fields of crackling wheat dotted sparsely with proud farmhouses barns and silos
Fri, 19 Mar 2010 13:46:36 PDT
Moline Illinois. This is part of the First TransContinental Video Highway on the Internet! Re-recorded for Broadband. Illinois Border headed East.. blinkvid.com.
Rob
Wed, 01 Sep 2010 20:48:00 GM
It's also at about the latitude at which I want to do the walk, and, of course, it's on the western side of . Illinois. . I chose to walk from west to east in part because of the prevailing westerlies. Central . Illinois. can be a windy place, ...
