State commonly refers to either the present state of a system or entity, or to a governed entity or sub-entity, such as a nation or province.
Political entities
- State (polity) A state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules that govern the people in one or more societies, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory. In Max Weber's influential definition, it is that organization that has a "monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory&, an organised political community, living under a government
- Sovereign state A sovereign state is a political association with effective internal and external sovereignty over a geographic area and population which is not dependent on, or subject to any other power or state. While in abstract terms a sovereign state can exist without being recognised by other sovereign states, unrecognised states will often find it hard to, a sovereign political entity in international public law
- Member state A member state is a member of an international organisation such as the United Nations or the European Union, a member of an international organisation
- Federated state A federated state is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federal union. Such states differ from sovereign states, in that they have transferred a portion of their sovereign powers to a federal government. A federated state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and is a form of regional, a political entity forming part of a federal sovereign state
- See federated state (disambiguation) for individual examples
- Nation state The nation-state is a state that self-identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a country as a sovereign territorial unit. The state is a political and geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity. The term "nation-state" implies that the two geographically coincide, and, a state which coincides with a nation
- Rechtsstaat Rechtsstaat is a concept in continental European legal thinking, originally borrowed from German jurisprudence, which can be translated as "legal state", "state of law", "state of justice", or "state of rights". It is a "constitutional state" in which the exercise of governmental power is, the legal state (constitutional state, state subordinated to law) in philosophy of law and as principle of many national constitutions
Physical science
- State (physics) (list of 8 definitions), particularly in thermodynamics, statistical physics, and dynamical systems and chaos theory
- Thermodynamic state A thermodynamic state is a set of values of properties of a thermodynamic system that must be specified to reproduce the system. The individual parameters are known as state variables, state parameters or thermodynamic variables. Once a sufficient set of thermodynamic variables have been specified, values of all other properties of the system are, a set of physical quantities describing variable properties of a given thermodynamic system
- State of matter States of matter are the distinct forms that different phases of matter take on. Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in bulk properties. Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape; liquid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume but adapts to the shape of its container; and, solid, liquid or vapour phases of matter
- Chemical state The chemical state of a chemical element is its electronic, chemical and physical nature as it exists in combination with a group of one or more other elements or in its natural "elemental state". Material scientists, solid state physicists, analytical chemists, surface scientists and spectroscopists describe or characterize the chemical,, the electronic, chemical and physical nature of an element
- Quantum state In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical object that fully describes a quantum system. One typically imagines some experimental apparatus and procedure which "prepares" this quantum state; the mathematical object then reflects the setup of the apparatus. Quantum states can be statistically mixed, corresponding to an, in physics, the state of a quantum mechanical system given by a vector in the underlying Hilbert space
Applied sciences and mathematics
- State (computer science) In computer science and automata theory, a state is a unique configuration of information in a program or machine. It is a concept that occasionally extends into some forms of systems programming such as lexers and parsers, a unique configuration of information in a program or machine
- Program state One of the key concepts in computer programming is the idea of state, essentially a snapshot of the measure of various conditions in the system. Most programming languages require a considerable amount of state information in order to operate properly - information which is generally hidden from the programmer. For a real-world example, consider a, in computer science, a snapshot of the measure of various conditions in the system
- State (controls) In control theory, states are what characterize a system. In other words, state is the essence of the past that affects the future. With linear systems states are not unique, but can be transformed into equivalent states using certain linear transformations, a term related to control theory
- State (functional analysis), a positive linear functional on an operator algebra
- State pattern The state pattern is a behavioral software design pattern, also known as the objects for states pattern. This pattern is used in computer programming to represent the state of an object. This is a clean way for an object to partially change its type at runtime, in computer science, a behavioral design pattern
Medicine, psychology, and linguistics
- Medical state Medical states or medical conditions are used to describe a patient's condition in a hospital. These terms are most commonly used by the news media and are rarely used by doctors, who in their daily business prefer to deal with medical problems in greater detail, one's current state of health, usually within a hospital setting
- Mental state (disambiguation)
- Qualia "Qualia" , singular "quale" (pronounced /ˈkwɑːlɛ/), from a Latin word meaning for "what sort" or "what kind," is a term used in philosophy to describe the subjective quality of conscious experience. Examples of qualia are the pain of a headache, the taste of wine, or the redness of an evening sky. Daniel, the philosophical treatment of mental states
- Philosophy of mind Philosophy of mind is a branch of modern analytic philosophy that studies the nature of the mind, mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness and their relationship to the physical body, particularly the brain. The mind-body problem, i.e. the relationship of the mind to the body, is commonly seen as the central issue in, which covers the broader concepts of mental states
- Status constructus The status constructus or construct state is a noun form occurring in Afro-Asiatic languages. It is particularly common in Semitic languages , Berber languages, and in the extinct Egyptian language. In Semitic languages, it occurs when a semantically definite noun is succeeded by another noun in a genitive relation to the first or "construct state", in linguistics, a noun form occurring in Semitic languages
Literature
- The World State The World State is the primary setting of Aldous Huxley's 1932 dystopian novel Brave New World. In the novel, The World State is a unified government which administers the entire planet, with a few isolated exceptions, from Brave New World Brave New World is a novel by Aldous Huxley, written in 1931 and published in 1932. Set in London of AD 2540 , the novel anticipates developments in reproductive technology and sleep-learning that combine to change society. The future society is an embodiment of the ideals that form the basis of futurism. Huxley answered this book with a by Aldous Huxley Aldous Leonard Huxley was an English writer and one of the most prominent members of the famous Huxley family. He spent the later part of his life in the United States, living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death in 1963. Best known for his novels including Brave New World and wide-ranging output of essays, Huxley also edited the magazine
- The State "The State" is a totalitarian world government in a future history that forms the back-story of three of Larry Niven's novels: A World Out of Time, The Integral Trees, and The Smoke Ring. It is also the setting of two short stories, "Rammer" and "The Kiteman" (printed in N-Space) as well as a stalled fourth novel, The, from the works of Larry Niven Laurence van Cott Niven is an American science fiction author. Perhaps his best-known work is Ringworld (1970), which received Hugo, Locus, Ditmar, and Nebula awards. His work is primarily hard science fiction, using big science concepts and theoretical physics. It also often includes elements of detective fiction and adventure stories. His
Named media
- State (magazine) State.ie is an Irish website and formerly a monthly music magazine, which launched in March 2008 and folded in January 2009 having published a total of nine issues. While the magazine claims to be "going online", founding co-editor John Walshe admitted that it would be on an amateur basis "no one is going to be working full-time on, an Irish monthly music magazine
- State Magazine, a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State The United States Department of State , is the United States federal executive department responsible for international relations of the United States, equivalent to the foreign ministries of other countries. The Department was created in 1789 and was the first executive department established
- The State (album) The State, released in 1998, is the second album released by the Canadian rock band Nickelback. "Leader of Men" was the lead single from this album and "Old Enough" was the next single followed by "Breathe" and "Worthy to Say". It held a peak position of #130 on the Billboard 200, which beat their previous, a music album by Nickelback
- The State (book) The State is a book by German sociologist Franz Oppenheimer first published in Germany in 1908. Oppenheimer wrote the book in Frankfurt am Main during 1907, as a fragment of the four-volume System of Sociology, an intended interpretative framework for the understanding of social evolution on which he laboured from the 1890s until the end of his, a book by German sociologist Franz Oppenheimer
- The State (TV series) The State was a half-hour sketch-comedy television show, originally broadcast on MTV between December 17, 1993 and July 1, 1995. The show combined bizarre characters and scenarios to present sketches that won the favor of its target teenaged audience. The cast consisted of 11 twenty-something comedians who created, acted, wrote, directed, and, a sketch comedy show on MTV
- The States (TV series) The States is a 2007 American documentary television series about the history of each state in the United States of America, narrated by Edward Herrmann, a documentary series on the United States
- The State (newspaper) The State is a daily morning newspaper published in Columbia, South Carolina, in the United States. Owned by The McClatchy Company and distributed in most of South Carolina's 46 counties, The State is the largest newspaper in the Palmetto State, a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina
- States Records States Record Company was a Chicago-based record label. A subsidiary of United Records, it was in business from May 1952 to December 1957. States focused on rhythm and blues, jazz, and gospel, an American record label
- State Theatre (disambiguation), the name of several theatres
"The States"
- The Estates The States or the Estates signifies, in different countries and dominions, the assembly of the (feudalistic) representatives of the estates of the realm, called together for purposes of legislation or deliberation. In German speaking countries they were also known by the name Landtag (see also Diet) or the States, a national assembly of the estates, a legislature
- States-General (disambiguation)
- Colloquially, the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language
Other uses
- State (theology) It may be taken to signify a profession or calling in life, as where St. Paul says, in I Corinthians 7:20: "Let every man abide in the same calling in which he was called". States are classified in the Catholic Church as the clerical state, the religious state, and the secular state; and among religious states, again, we have those of, a degree or stage of perfection in the Christian religion
- Adjectivally, or in the phrase "in state", a most elaborate ceremonial form, such as is appropriate to an occasion or personage formally representing the full power and authority of a political state, as in State Visit A state visit is a formal visit by a foreign head of state to another nation, at the invitation of that nation's head of state. State visits are the highest form of diplomatic contact between two nations, and are marked by ceremonial pomp and diplomatic protocol. In parliamentary democracies, heads of state may formally issue and accept, State Dress, State Opening of Parliament In the United Kingdom, the State Opening of Parliament is an annual event that marks the commencement of a session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is held in the House of Lords Chamber, usually in November or December, or in a general election year, when the new Parliament first assembles. In 1974, when two general elections were held,, State Dinner, etc.
- "State" is often used as a shorthand reference to a local college or university that has the word "State" in its name; for example, North Carolina State University North Carolina State University at Raleigh is a public, coeducational, extensive research university located in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States. Commonly known as NC State, NCSU, or simply "State" inside of North Carolina, the University is the principal technological institution of the University of North Carolina system, and is or Michigan State University Michigan State University is a public research university in East Lansing, Michigan USA. Founded in 1855, it was the pioneer land-grant institution and served as a model for future land-grant colleges in the United States under the 1862 Morrill Act. Its alumni include at least six winners of the Pulitzer Prize. MSU’s record of Rhodes Scholars.
- State (printmaking) A state, in printmaking, is a different form of a print, caused by a deliberate and permanent change to a matrix such as a copper plate or woodblock (for woodcut), a unique form of a print, caused by a deliberate change to a matrix
See also
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Daily Mail By Daily Mail Reporter The US Secretary of State , Hillary Clinton, has angered Mexicans by likening the country's current situation with that of the darkest ... Drugs mayhem BBC News Mexico's war compared to insurgency Washington Post Clinton says Mexico drug wars starting to look like insurgency Los Angeles Times Bloomberg - Aljazeera.net - The Associated Press
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